Conclusion

This study has shown through simulation that SE-CMA performs better than CMA 2-2 for a communications system that has a BPSK source. This hypothesis could not be proven analytically due to the complicated cost expression for SE-CMA. However, I have included the expression for the cost, gradient, and hessian for SE-CMA. I also presented two methods of choosing $\gamma$ (the Godard radius) and it appears that neither method is always superior. Future research could focus on: 1) Proving analytically the claim that SE-CMA is superior to CMA 2-2 when the source is BPSK; and 2) Deriving an expression for $\gamma$ that always provides the lowest error.